Vocabulary+to+prep+for+final

Add your term in bold and your def in regular.


 * 1.** **Diversity**: Term referring to variance or differences amongst the many factors that identify an individual. Race, language, intelligence, sexual orientation and socioeconomic factors all help to create a more enriching environment, but can present obstacles for teachers.
 * **Racial and ethnic diversity**: Students are likely to come from a variety of backgrounds, this can lead to misunderstandings. Consequently an attempt to learn about the students background is vital to understanding. This leads to appreciation of various cultures.
 * **Language diversity:** Students may speak a different language at home making communication difficult.
 * **Academic diversity:** Various abilities, achievements and learning styles of students.
 * **Avoiding gender stereotypes:** Treat both sexes equally, as not to expect by sex standards, but by individual standards.
 * **Gay/lesbian students**: You must keep personal beliefs on homosexuality private in order to provide a "safe" and supportive environment for learning.
 * **Socioeconomic diversity**: Students from backgrounds of higher socioeconomic backgrounds tend to outperform their poorer counterparts. As a teacher you must help these students reach their potential. For more information see p.52-53 (Hunter Meys)

2. **Race vs. Ethnicity:** The term race refers to people with common ancestry and physical characteristics, whereas the term ethnicity applies to people who share a common culture, usually including language, customs, and religion (p. 53) (Kristen Dimitriades)

4. **Cultural pluralism:** new concept for what we call the "melting pot"; refers to a new understanding and appreciation for the differences in language and culture of our citizens in hopes to create a unity in society. (Kendra Smallwood).
 * 3. Assimilation:** The absorption of an individual or a group into the cultural tradition of a population or another group. (Emily Pfannenstiel)

5.**Multicultural Education.** An approach to education intended to recognize cultural diversity and foster the cultural enrichment of all children and youth. (Lyle Loewen)

5. **Transitional**: In the transitional model of bilingual education students are provided with intensive English-language instruction but also recieve part of their instruction in their native language. The goal of the transitional method is to prepare students for regular classes in English without letting them fall behind in other subject areas. In theory a student should transfer out of this program within a few years ( p 60). (Jess Couture)
 * 6. limited English proficient (LEP) - term for students whose native language is not English and who have difficultly understanding and using English (Alicia Mello)**

-**Students with a native language other than enlgish have 2 goals in school: learning english and mastering the content. Programs such as these are designed to help them reach this goal: //immersion-// students learn everything in Enlgish (in a simplified and understandable way) //Submersion-// "sink or swim" method, students learn as if English is their first language //Transitional//- intense English language instruction, but students get some of the content in their native language //Maintenance or Developmental//- bilingual education which aims to preserve and build on students native language skills as they learn English as a second language. (Jillian Kirchner)
 * 7. Bilingual Education-

In the //Immersion// form of learning English as a second language, students are taught everything in English, albeit in a basic and simple form. Submersion is the most drastic form of immersion learning, where students are often taught using a "sink or swim" method. (Zac Brokenrope) 9. 11.**Gardner's Multiple Intelligences-** Howard Gardner (from Harvard) identifies seven distinct intelligences: We as teachers must be sensitive to all learning styles (see below) and try to incorporate each of them into our classroom, which is getting easier now with all the technology in our era. (Jenna Tamburello) For further information see p.64-65 (Hunter Meys)
 * 8. Immersion (Submersion) -**
 * 10. Maintenance or developmental-**
 * A type of bilingual education, in which the curriculum intends for the student to preserve and improve their native-language skills, while acquiring English as a native language.
 * Supporters of the maintenance model believe that students will be more likely to perform comparably to their English-speaking peers if they are taught at least partially in their native language. //(Lauren Lutz)//
 * visual-spatial- in terms of architects- students of this nature can be taught by drawings or maps - tools include graphics, pics, videos etc..
 * bodily-kinesthetic- use the body like a dancer or a surgeon- can be taught well through physical activity and hands on learning- tools include real objects
 * musical- really in touch with not only music, but sound in the environment- may study well with sound in environment- tools include multimedia, music, CDs etc..
 * interpersonal- these students do best with collaborative learning- work well with others- tools include group activities, video conferencing if necessary
 * intrapersonal- these students have a good understand of their own goals and have good intuition and internal motivation but shy away from others in a group- tools include books, diaries, and privacy?
 * linguistic- like music, these students are sensitive to auditory stimuli but especially sensitive to language- some tools include reading plays or poetry outloud, and lectures
 * logical-mathmatical- these students are very good with the reasoning behind problems- they think conceptually and see many patterns and like puzzles- tools include investigations, experiments etc.
 * 12.** **Learning styles:** A form of teaching in which different processes of learning are addressed. Students have preferred ways of learning and solving problems. These approaches appeal to sight, hearing, moving and touching senses. As a teacher it is difficult to create lessons that appeal to a student body with a variety of learning styles.

13.**IEP** A management tool required for every student covered by the provisions in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. It must indicate a student’s current level of performance, short and long term instructional objectives, services to be provided, and criteria and schedules for evaluation of progress. (Lyle Loewen)

(Kristen Dimitriades)
 * 14. PL 94-142 (1975**): The Education For All Handicapped Children Act, which established the right of all students with disabilities to a "free appropriate education" (FAPE). The law specified that each such student must be provided with an IEP outlining both long-range and short-range goals for the child. Since that time, a number of other federal laws have reinforced and extended the commitment to special education. (p.66)

16. **ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) -** ensures the rights of individuals with disabilities to nondiscriminatory treatment in aspects of their lives other than education. (Kendra Smallwood).
 * 15.** **Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA):** Public Law 101-476. Amended the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), Public Law 94-142. The Act ensures that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that includes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs. (Emily Pfannenstiel)

17.**Least restrictive Enviornment** A requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that students with disabilities should participate in regular education programs to the extent appropriate. (Lyle Loewen)


 * 18. mainstreaming vs. inclusion -**
 * mainstreaming - the practice of placing special education students in general education classes for at least part of the school day while also providing additional services, programs, or classes needed
 * inclusion - the commitment to educate each child, to the maximum extent appropriate, in the regular school and classroom, rather than moving children with disabilities to separate classes or institutions (Alicia Mello)

//Acceleration- can learn at a pace that goes along with their abilities. , allowing them to progress to advanced materials faster than their age norms or grade levels. Enrichment -provide gifted students the opportunity to go beyond the regular curriculum in greater depth and breadth to engage in independent or collaborative inquiry that develops their problem solving skills, research skills, and creativity. (jillian Kirchner)//
 * 19. Acceleration vs. Enrichment for gifted/ talented** -
 * -2** main strategies for serving Gifted Students:

William Glasser believes that each person is born with a fundamental set of needs, among them the desire for love, belonging, power, freedom, and fun. He states that all of our actions in life grow out of our desire to fulfill our own personal set of needs. //Choice Theory// is the idea that if we can understand and identify our own specific set of needs, we can make decisions about how to best fulfill them. (Zac Brokenrope)
 * 20. Choice Theory (Glasser)**

21. **Adolescent Subcultures:** Teenagers satisfy their needs for belonging, power and fun by forming groups that share common characteristics and status in their peer groups. Each crowd is distinguished by attitudes, behaviors or dress characteristics. There are certain groups that are in most High Schools: the elites, average students, and outcasts. There are many different terms to describe these groups:

The elite groups are the leading crowds who eagerly participate in school activities. The outcaststend to have a negative relationship with the High School because they belive that the school does not meet their needs. These sub cultures begin to form in middle school when crowds begin to develop around different interests. Most teens do not select their group but are placed their because of their image that is portrayed to their peers. These bonds become stronger when students become more indepentdent from their families and form a new family with their group of friends.
 * jocks
 * preppies
 * rockers
 * brains
 * punks
 * freaks
 * kickers
 * gangstas
 * nerds/geeks/dweebs
 * goths

for more inforation look on page 77 of //TWCT. (Jess Couture)//


 * 22. Shopping Mall High School-**
 * An analogy used by Arthur G. Powell in his article, "Being Unspecial in The Shopping Mall High School." According to Powell, high schools are very similar to shopping centers since both venues make many services available, and allow people to determine their own level of participation.
 * MANY SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE-- just like a mall has many stores that offer many products, a high school curriculum offers classes of varying educational levels, as well as services usually found in "clinics and mental health agencies."
 * VERY DIFFERENT "TRANSACTIONS" ARE POSSIBLE-- in a mall, shopper can buy products, browse products, or simply watch without the intention of buying. Schools work in a similar fashion, since the tracking (the difficulty level of the classes that a student takes) is self-imposed: students are never forced into taking a course, and instead get to pick their classes themselves. Schools offer the opportunity to learn, but they do not force learning, in the same way that stores offer products, but do not demand that a shopper purchase something. //(Lauren Lutz)//

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